Doctors and nurses spent about 8 hours a day inside urban health centres examining a large number of patients. To assess radiation dose due to the attached and unattached fractions of the short-lived alpha-emitting radon decay products from the inhalation of air by working personnel and patients, concentrations of these radionuclides as well as those of radon and thoron gases were measured in indoor air of different health centres in the city of Marrakech (Morocco) by means of CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure due to the attached and unattached fractions of 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of individuals from the inhalation of air inside the studied health centres. The influence of the activity of the attached and unattached fractions of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. Annual committed effective doses due to the attached and unattached fractions of218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air by doctors, nurses and patients inside the studied hospitals were determined. A maximum value of 7.1 mSv y-1 was found for doctors working 40 hours per week.
Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 4, Issue 3) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15 |
Page(s) | 139-151 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Radon, Thoron and Their Progenies, Attached and Unattached Fractions, Health Centres, Nuclear Track Detectors, Human Respiratory Tract, Radiation Dose Assessment
[1] | M.A. Misdaq, H. Ezzahery, D. Elbboubi,“Determination of equivalent dose rates and committed effective doses in the respiratory system from the inhalation of radon decay products by using SSNTD and a dosimetric compartmental model”, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 2001, Vol. 93, No. 4, pp347-355. |
[2] | M.A. Misdaq, K. Flata,“The influence of the cigarette smoke pollution and ventilation rate on alpha-activities per unit volume due to radon and its progeny”,J. Environ. Radioactivity, 2003, Vol. 67, pp207-218. |
[3] | M.A. Misdaq, M. Ghilane, J. Ouguidi, K. Outeqablit,“Radiation doses to individuals due to 238U, 232Th and 222Rn from the immersion in thermal waters and to radon progeny from the inhalation of air inside thermal stations”, Radiat. Environ. Biophysics, 2012, Vol. 51, pp375-389. |
[4] | K.N. Yu, E.C.M. Young, M.J. Stokes, Z.J. Guan, K.W. Cho, “A survey of radon and thoron progeny for dwellings in Hong Kong”, Health Phys.,1997,Vol. 73, No.2,pp373-377. |
[5] | C.M. Ha, S.Y. Chang, B. H. Lee,“Dose assessment to inhalation exposure of indoor 222Rn daughters in Korea”, Health Phys.,1999,Vol. 63, No. 4,pp453-456. |
[6] | United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), Sources and effects of ionising radiation. Report to the General Assembly, New York, 1993. |
[7] | B. Lévesque, D. Gauvin, R.G. McGregor, R. Martel, S. Gingras, A. Dontigny A,“Radon in residences: Influence of geological and housing characteristics”, Health Phys.,1997,Vol. 72, No. 6,pp907-914. |
[8] | N. Kávási, T. Kovács, C. Németh, T. Szabó, Z. Gorjánácz, A. Várhegyi A, “Difficulties in radon measurements at workplaces”, Radiat. Meas., 2006,Vol. 41,pp229-234. |
[9] | T. Anastasiou, H. Tsertos, S. Christofides, G. Christodoulides, “Indoor radon (222Rn) concentration measurements in Cyprus using high-sensitivity portable detectors”,J. Environ. Radioactivity, 2003, Vol. 68, pp159-169. |
[10] | M.A. Misdaq, H. Khajmi, F. Aitnouh, S. Berrazzouk, W. Bourzik, “A new method for evaluating uranium and thorium contents in different natural material samples by calculating the CR-39 and LR-115 type II SSNTD detection efficiencies for the emitted -particles”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., 2000, Vol. B 171, pp350-359. |
[11] | A.F. Hafez, M.A. Naim,“Plastic nuclear track detection methods for estimation of thorium to uranium ratio in thick natural materials”,Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., 1992, Vol. 69B, pp373-381. |
[12] | M.A. Misdaq, A. Bakhchi, A. Ktata, A. Merzouki, N. Youbi, “Determination of uranium and thorium contents inside different materials using track detectors and mean critical angles”, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 1999, Vol. 51,pp209-215. |
[13] | M.A. Misdaq, H. Ezzahery, J. Lamine,“Influence of the building material and ventilation rate on the concentration of radon, thoron and their progenies in dwelling rooms using SSNTD and Monte Carlo simulation” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2002, Vol.252, pp67-74. |
[14] | J. Porstendörfer, “Properties and behaviour of radon and thoron and their decay products in the air” J. Aerosol Sci.,1994, Vol.25, No. 2,pp219-263. |
[15] | J. Porstendörfer, T. T. Mercer, “Influence of nuclei concentration and humidity upon the attachment rate of atoms in the atmosphere” Atmos. Environ., 1978, Vol. 12,pp2223-2238. |
[16] | International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection, ICRP Publication 66, Ann ICRP 24 (1-3), 1994. |
[17] | International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection, ICRP Publication 100, Ann ICRP 36 (1-2), 2006. |
[18] | International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103, Ann ICRP 37(2-4), 2007. |
[19] | J. P. Biersack, J.F. Ziegler, IBM Research, TRIM, Version 98, 1998. |
[20] | International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values, ICRP Publication 89, Ann ICRP 32 (3.4), 2002. |
[21] | International Commission on Radiological Protection, Protection against radon-222 at home and at work,ICRP Publication 65, Ann ICRP 23 (2), 1993. |
[22] | European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Commission, Recommendations for the implementation of the Title VII of the European Basic Safety Standards concerning significant increase due to natural radiation sources, Radiation Protection Series, 1997. |
[23] | D.W. Dixon, T.D. Gooding, S. Mc Cready Shea, “Evaluation and significance of radon exposure in British workplace buildings”, Environ. Internat., 1996, Vol. 22, S1079-S1082. |
[24] | US EPA Environments Division (6609J), A Citizen’s Guide to Radon: the Guide to Protecting Yourself and Your Family From Radon, US EPA 402-K-006,Washington DC,2004. |
[25] | G. Ǻkerblom, “Radon Legislation and National Guidelines”, Swedish Radiation Protection Institute, SSI Report 99-18, ISSN 0282-4434, 1999. |
[26] | EU, Directive 2013/59/EURATOM, Laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, 2013. |
[27] | M. A. Misdaq, J.Ouguidi, “Concentrations of radon, thoron and their decay products measured in natural caves and ancient mines by using solid state nuclear track detectors and resulting radiation dose to the members of the public”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2011, Vol.287, 135-150. |
APA Style
M. A. Misdaq, A. Matrane, J. Ouguidi. (2015). Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(3), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15
ACS Style
M. A. Misdaq; A. Matrane; J. Ouguidi. Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2015, 4(3), 139-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15
AMA Style
M. A. Misdaq, A. Matrane, J. Ouguidi. Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air. Am J Environ Prot. 2015;4(3):139-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15
@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15, author = {M. A. Misdaq and A. Matrane and J. Ouguidi}, title = {Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air}, journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {139-151}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20150403.15}, abstract = {Doctors and nurses spent about 8 hours a day inside urban health centres examining a large number of patients. To assess radiation dose due to the attached and unattached fractions of the short-lived alpha-emitting radon decay products from the inhalation of air by working personnel and patients, concentrations of these radionuclides as well as those of radon and thoron gases were measured in indoor air of different health centres in the city of Marrakech (Morocco) by means of CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure due to the attached and unattached fractions of 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of individuals from the inhalation of air inside the studied health centres. The influence of the activity of the attached and unattached fractions of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. Annual committed effective doses due to the attached and unattached fractions of218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air by doctors, nurses and patients inside the studied hospitals were determined. A maximum value of 7.1 mSv y-1 was found for doctors working 40 hours per week.}, year = {2015} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Radon, Thoron and Progeny Measured in Urban Health Centres and the Resulting Radiation Doses to Doctors, Nurses and Patients from the Inhalation of Air AU - M. A. Misdaq AU - A. Matrane AU - J. Ouguidi Y1 - 2015/05/11 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 139 EP - 151 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150403.15 AB - Doctors and nurses spent about 8 hours a day inside urban health centres examining a large number of patients. To assess radiation dose due to the attached and unattached fractions of the short-lived alpha-emitting radon decay products from the inhalation of air by working personnel and patients, concentrations of these radionuclides as well as those of radon and thoron gases were measured in indoor air of different health centres in the city of Marrakech (Morocco) by means of CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure due to the attached and unattached fractions of 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of individuals from the inhalation of air inside the studied health centres. The influence of the activity of the attached and unattached fractions of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. Annual committed effective doses due to the attached and unattached fractions of218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air by doctors, nurses and patients inside the studied hospitals were determined. A maximum value of 7.1 mSv y-1 was found for doctors working 40 hours per week. VL - 4 IS - 3 ER -