Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville

Harmel Obami Ondon; Urbain Gampio Mbilou; Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga; Médard Ngouala Mabonzo; Raymond Gentil Elenga; Bernard Mabiala

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville

Harmel Obami Ondon, Urbain Gampio Mbilou, Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga, Médard Ngouala Mabonzo, Raymond Gentil Elenga, Bernard Mabiala

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 5 September 2018 Accepted: 18 September 2018 Published: 31 October 2018

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Abstract

The physicochemical characterization of water of the Mbe Plateau was carried out starting from thirty-two (32) samples of water taken between November 2017 and May 2018 in six months (rain season with a seasonal intercalation enters mid-January and at the end of February known as small dry season). Four (04) boreholes (Massa, Dieu le veut, Ingha and Ivoumba), three (03) rivers (Maty, Mary and Gamboma) and one (01) well (Ignié) were sampled during this study. The study of this water was based on measured parameters in-situ (the temperature, TDS, pH, the EC, dissolved oxygen, dissolved complete iron and salinity) and at the laboratory in particular: hardness, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Al³⁺, NH₄⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cl^-, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, PO4^3- and alkalinity. The elements measured in situ were checked at the laboratory to reassure results. The results obtained showed that the values of measurements of the physicochemical parameters of analyzed water were all in conformity with the standards prescribed by WHO for the drink water, except in the case of the abnormal temperature proven with an average of 27°C and an average pH of 5.0 what confirms the acid character of water in all this zone of study. These results were treated starting from a hydrochemical method, by using the diagrams: of Piper, of Stabler, Schoeller-Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and statistical methods traditional with software XLSTAT. The analysis enabled us to highlight the prevalence of facies chemical total chlorinated and sulphated calcic and magnesian in this water of the Plateau of Mbe. The dominant ions are the chlorides for the anions and magnesium for the cations.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
Page(s)	40-54
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater, Surface Water, Physicochemistry, Plateau of Mbe, Pool North Congo

References

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Harmel Obami Ondon, Urbain Gampio Mbilou, Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga, Médard Ngouala Mabonzo, Raymond Gentil Elenga, et al. (2018). Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(3), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

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Harmel Obami Ondon; Urbain Gampio Mbilou; Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga; Médard Ngouala Mabonzo; Raymond Gentil Elenga, et al. Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2018, 7(3), 40-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

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Harmel Obami Ondon, Urbain Gampio Mbilou, Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga, Médard Ngouala Mabonzo, Raymond Gentil Elenga, et al. Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville. Am J Environ Prot. 2018;7(3):40-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11,
  author = {Harmel Obami Ondon and Urbain Gampio Mbilou and Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga and Médard Ngouala Mabonzo and Raymond Gentil Elenga and Bernard Mabiala},
  title = {Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40-54},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20180703.11},
  abstract = {The physicochemical characterization of water of the Mbe Plateau was carried out starting from thirty-two (32) samples of water taken between November 2017 and May 2018 in six months (rain season with a seasonal intercalation enters mid-January and at the end of February known as small dry season). Four (04) boreholes (Massa, Dieu le veut, Ingha and Ivoumba), three (03) rivers (Maty, Mary and Gamboma) and one (01) well (Ignié) were sampled during this study. The study of this water was based on measured parameters in-situ (the temperature, TDS, pH, the EC, dissolved oxygen, dissolved complete iron and salinity) and at the laboratory in particular: hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Al3+, NH4+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43- and alkalinity. The elements measured in situ were checked at the laboratory to reassure results. The results obtained showed that the values of measurements of the physicochemical parameters of analyzed water were all in conformity with the standards prescribed by WHO for the drink water, except in the case of the abnormal temperature proven with an average of 27°C and an average pH of 5.0 what confirms the acid character of water in all this zone of study. These results were treated starting from a hydrochemical method, by using the diagrams: of Piper, of Stabler, Schoeller-Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and statistical methods traditional with software XLSTAT. The analysis enabled us to highlight the prevalence of facies chemical total chlorinated and sulphated calcic and magnesian in this water of the Plateau of Mbe. The dominant ions are the chlorides for the anions and magnesium for the cations.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville
AU  - Harmel Obami Ondon
AU  - Urbain Gampio Mbilou
AU  - Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga
AU  - Médard Ngouala Mabonzo
AU  - Raymond Gentil Elenga
AU  - Bernard Mabiala
Y1  - 2018/10/31
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 40
EP  - 54
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
AB  - The physicochemical characterization of water of the Mbe Plateau was carried out starting from thirty-two (32) samples of water taken between November 2017 and May 2018 in six months (rain season with a seasonal intercalation enters mid-January and at the end of February known as small dry season). Four (04) boreholes (Massa, Dieu le veut, Ingha and Ivoumba), three (03) rivers (Maty, Mary and Gamboma) and one (01) well (Ignié) were sampled during this study. The study of this water was based on measured parameters in-situ (the temperature, TDS, pH, the EC, dissolved oxygen, dissolved complete iron and salinity) and at the laboratory in particular: hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Al3+, NH4+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43- and alkalinity. The elements measured in situ were checked at the laboratory to reassure results. The results obtained showed that the values of measurements of the physicochemical parameters of analyzed water were all in conformity with the standards prescribed by WHO for the drink water, except in the case of the abnormal temperature proven with an average of 27°C and an average pH of 5.0 what confirms the acid character of water in all this zone of study. These results were treated starting from a hydrochemical method, by using the diagrams: of Piper, of Stabler, Schoeller-Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and statistical methods traditional with software XLSTAT. The analysis enabled us to highlight the prevalence of facies chemical total chlorinated and sulphated calcic and magnesian in this water of the Plateau of Mbe. The dominant ions are the chlorides for the anions and magnesium for the cations.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Harmel Obami Ondon

Mechanical, Energy and Engineering Laboratory, Higher National Polytechnic School, Marien N Gouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Urbain Gampio Mbilou

Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Marien N Gouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga

Mechanical, Energy and Engineering Laboratory, Higher National Polytechnic School, Marien N Gouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Médard Ngouala Mabonzo

Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science and Arts, Marien N Gouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Raymond Gentil Elenga

Department of Physic, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Marien N Gouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Bernard Mabiala

Mechanical, Energy and Engineering Laboratory, Higher National Polytechnic School, Marien N Gouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo

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APA Style

Harmel Obami Ondon, Urbain Gampio Mbilou, Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga, Médard Ngouala Mabonzo, Raymond Gentil Elenga, et al. (2018). Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(3), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

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ACS Style

Harmel Obami Ondon; Urbain Gampio Mbilou; Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga; Médard Ngouala Mabonzo; Raymond Gentil Elenga, et al. Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2018, 7(3), 40-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

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AMA Style

Harmel Obami Ondon, Urbain Gampio Mbilou, Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga, Médard Ngouala Mabonzo, Raymond Gentil Elenga, et al. Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville. Am J Environ Prot. 2018;7(3):40-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11,
  author = {Harmel Obami Ondon and Urbain Gampio Mbilou and Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga and Médard Ngouala Mabonzo and Raymond Gentil Elenga and Bernard Mabiala},
  title = {Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {40-54},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20180703.11},
  abstract = {The physicochemical characterization of water of the Mbe Plateau was carried out starting from thirty-two (32) samples of water taken between November 2017 and May 2018 in six months (rain season with a seasonal intercalation enters mid-January and at the end of February known as small dry season). Four (04) boreholes (Massa, Dieu le veut, Ingha and Ivoumba), three (03) rivers (Maty, Mary and Gamboma) and one (01) well (Ignié) were sampled during this study. The study of this water was based on measured parameters in-situ (the temperature, TDS, pH, the EC, dissolved oxygen, dissolved complete iron and salinity) and at the laboratory in particular: hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Al3+, NH4+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43- and alkalinity. The elements measured in situ were checked at the laboratory to reassure results. The results obtained showed that the values of measurements of the physicochemical parameters of analyzed water were all in conformity with the standards prescribed by WHO for the drink water, except in the case of the abnormal temperature proven with an average of 27°C and an average pH of 5.0 what confirms the acid character of water in all this zone of study. These results were treated starting from a hydrochemical method, by using the diagrams: of Piper, of Stabler, Schoeller-Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and statistical methods traditional with software XLSTAT. The analysis enabled us to highlight the prevalence of facies chemical total chlorinated and sulphated calcic and magnesian in this water of the Plateau of Mbe. The dominant ions are the chlorides for the anions and magnesium for the cations.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physicochemical Characterization of Water of the Plateau of Mbe in Pool-North in Republic of Congo Brazzaville
AU  - Harmel Obami Ondon
AU  - Urbain Gampio Mbilou
AU  - Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga
AU  - Médard Ngouala Mabonzo
AU  - Raymond Gentil Elenga
AU  - Bernard Mabiala
Y1  - 2018/10/31
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 40
EP  - 54
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180703.11
AB  - The physicochemical characterization of water of the Mbe Plateau was carried out starting from thirty-two (32) samples of water taken between November 2017 and May 2018 in six months (rain season with a seasonal intercalation enters mid-January and at the end of February known as small dry season). Four (04) boreholes (Massa, Dieu le veut, Ingha and Ivoumba), three (03) rivers (Maty, Mary and Gamboma) and one (01) well (Ignié) were sampled during this study. The study of this water was based on measured parameters in-situ (the temperature, TDS, pH, the EC, dissolved oxygen, dissolved complete iron and salinity) and at the laboratory in particular: hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Al3+, NH4+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43- and alkalinity. The elements measured in situ were checked at the laboratory to reassure results. The results obtained showed that the values of measurements of the physicochemical parameters of analyzed water were all in conformity with the standards prescribed by WHO for the drink water, except in the case of the abnormal temperature proven with an average of 27°C and an average pH of 5.0 what confirms the acid character of water in all this zone of study. These results were treated starting from a hydrochemical method, by using the diagrams: of Piper, of Stabler, Schoeller-Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and statistical methods traditional with software XLSTAT. The analysis enabled us to highlight the prevalence of facies chemical total chlorinated and sulphated calcic and magnesian in this water of the Plateau of Mbe. The dominant ions are the chlorides for the anions and magnesium for the cations.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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