Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru; Addisu Workineh Kassa; Belay Bezabih Beyene; Tilahun Belete Mossie; Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru, Addisu Workineh Kassa, Belay Bezabih Beyene, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 3 August 2014 Accepted: 16 August 2014 Published: 30 August 2014

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Abstract

Introduction- Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It remains the major public health challenge in Amhara region. Mecha, Dera and Fogera are some of the malaria endemic districts of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and guide intervention measures. Methods – Descriptive cross sectional investigation of malaria outbreak was conducted. We used health facility records of malaria data and entomological survey. We discussed with health extension workers and available morbidity, mortality and diagnostic data was collected. We surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of LLINs and its status, the condition of IRS operation at household level was observed. Results-In Midre-Genet kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria in the 4th week of April was 3 per 1000(19) population and reached to 37 per 1000(226) population in the 2nd week of May 2012.The attack rate was 82.5 per 1000(67) population in under-fives and 82.6 per 1000(429) population in >5 years old. In Wotet-Ber kebele the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 5 per 1000(35) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 22 per 1000 (150) population in the 2nd week of May. The attack rate was 30.4 per 1000(28) population in under-fives and 42.9 per 1000(253) population in >5 years old. In Zemene-Hiwot kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 4.5 per 1000 (45) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 17 per 1000(171) population in the 3rd week of May 2012. The attack rate was 82.6 per 1000(111) population in under-fives and 36.3 per 1000(312) in >5 years old.In Hamusit cluster the number of confirmed malaria cases surpass the threshold starting from December 2011. Attack rate was 8.9 per 1000(559) population in December 2011 and became 14.7 per 1000(919) population in April 2012. In Aba Kiros kebele prevalence rate of malaria increased in the 2nd week of May 2012 1.2(8) and reached to 14.9(93) per 1000 population in the 1st week of June 2012. Vector control interventions were not done in all affected villages/kebeles. Conclusion- There were multiple breeding sites where the larvae of anopheles mosquitoes found and vector control interventions were not carried out timely. There was no weekly monitoring chart at districts and health facilities to detect increased malaria cases at an early stage.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23
Page(s)	182-187
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Plasmodium, Malaria, Mecha, Fogera, Dera, Ethiopia

References

[1]	World Health Organization. Malaria elimination a field manual for low and moderate endemic countries. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.
[2]	Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia. National malaria guideline: 3rd edition; January 2012.
[3]	Amhara regional health bureau. Annual report. Bahir Dar; 2011/12.
[4]	Yolanda, Barbera, Lainez. An assessment of the intersectoral response to the malaria epidemic in Ethiopia;2003
[5]	Technical guidelines for integrated disease surveillance and response in the African region. 2nd edition.
[6]	Joseph Z. Losos. Routine and sentinel surveillance methods: Eastern Mediterranean health journal, volume two; issue 1, 1996, pages 46-50.
[7]	Centers for Disease control and Prevention. Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group. MMWR 2001/50(RR13);1-35
[8]	Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. National Malaria Indicator Survey. Addis Ababa; 2007.
[9]	Ecology of Health and Diseases in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Shama Books:2006:565-75
[10]	World Health Organization and UNICEF. Switzerland: World malaria report; 2010.
[11]	Communicable diseases epidemiological profile (2007), Horn of Africa; pp.11-12.

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Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru, Addisu Workineh Kassa, Belay Bezabih Beyene, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen. (2014). Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 2(4), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

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Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru; Addisu Workineh Kassa; Belay Bezabih Beyene; Tilahun Belete Mossie; Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen. Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(4), 182-187. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

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Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru, Addisu Workineh Kassa, Belay Bezabih Beyene, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen. Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(4):182-187. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23,
  author = {Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru and Addisu Workineh Kassa and Belay Bezabih Beyene and Tilahun Belete Mossie and Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen},
  title = {Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {182-187},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140204.23},
  abstract = {Introduction- Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It remains the major public health challenge in Amhara region. Mecha, Dera and Fogera are some of the malaria endemic districts of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and guide intervention measures. Methods – Descriptive cross sectional investigation of malaria outbreak was conducted. We used health facility records of malaria data and entomological survey. We discussed with health extension workers and available morbidity, mortality and diagnostic data was collected. We surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of LLINs and its status, the condition of IRS operation at household level was observed. Results-In Midre-Genet kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria in the 4th week of April was 3 per 1000(19) population and reached to 37 per 1000(226) population in the 2nd week of May 2012.The attack rate was 82.5 per 1000(67) population in under-fives and 82.6 per 1000(429) population in >5 years old. In Wotet-Ber kebele the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 5 per 1000(35) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 22 per 1000 (150) population in the 2nd week of May. The attack rate was 30.4 per 1000(28) population in under-fives and 42.9 per 1000(253) population in >5 years old. In Zemene-Hiwot kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 4.5 per 1000 (45) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 17 per 1000(171) population in the 3rd week of May 2012. The attack rate was 82.6 per 1000(111) population in under-fives and 36.3 per 1000(312) in >5 years old.In Hamusit cluster the number of confirmed malaria cases surpass the threshold starting from December 2011. Attack rate was 8.9 per 1000(559) population in December 2011 and became 14.7 per 1000(919) population in April 2012. In Aba Kiros kebele prevalence rate of malaria increased in the 2nd week of May 2012 1.2(8) and reached to 14.9(93) per 1000 population in the 1st week of June 2012. Vector control interventions were not done in all affected villages/kebeles. Conclusion- There were multiple breeding sites where the larvae of anopheles mosquitoes found and vector control interventions were not carried out timely. There was no weekly monitoring chart at districts and health facilities to detect increased malaria cases at an early stage.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
AU - Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru
AU - Addisu Workineh Kassa
AU - Belay Bezabih Beyene
AU - Tilahun Belete Mossie
AU - Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen
Y1 - 2014/08/30
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23
DO - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23
T2 - American Journal of Health Research
JF - American Journal of Health Research
JO - American Journal of Health Research
SP - 182
EP - 187
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8796
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23
AB - Introduction- Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It remains the major public health challenge in Amhara region. Mecha, Dera and Fogera are some of the malaria endemic districts of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and guide intervention measures. Methods – Descriptive cross sectional investigation of malaria outbreak was conducted. We used health facility records of malaria data and entomological survey. We discussed with health extension workers and available morbidity, mortality and diagnostic data was collected. We surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of LLINs and its status, the condition of IRS operation at household level was observed. Results-In Midre-Genet kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria in the 4th week of April was 3 per 1000(19) population and reached to 37 per 1000(226) population in the 2nd week of May 2012.The attack rate was 82.5 per 1000(67) population in under-fives and 82.6 per 1000(429) population in >5 years old. In Wotet-Ber kebele the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 5 per 1000(35) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 22 per 1000 (150) population in the 2nd week of May. The attack rate was 30.4 per 1000(28) population in under-fives and 42.9 per 1000(253) population in >5 years old. In Zemene-Hiwot kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 4.5 per 1000 (45) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 17 per 1000(171) population in the 3rd week of May 2012. The attack rate was 82.6 per 1000(111) population in under-fives and 36.3 per 1000(312) in >5 years old.In Hamusit cluster the number of confirmed malaria cases surpass the threshold starting from December 2011. Attack rate was 8.9 per 1000(559) population in December 2011 and became 14.7 per 1000(919) population in April 2012. In Aba Kiros kebele prevalence rate of malaria increased in the 2nd week of May 2012 1.2(8) and reached to 14.9(93) per 1000 population in the 1st week of June 2012. Vector control interventions were not done in all affected villages/kebeles. Conclusion- There were multiple breeding sites where the larvae of anopheles mosquitoes found and vector control interventions were not carried out timely. There was no weekly monitoring chart at districts and health facilities to detect increased malaria cases at an early stage.
VL - 2
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru

Bahir-Dar University, Bahir-Dar, Ethiopia
Addisu Workineh Kassa

Public Health Emergency Management, Bahir-Dar, Ethiopia
Belay Bezabih Beyene

Public Health Emergency Management, Bahir-Dar, Ethiopia
Tilahun Belete Mossie

Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir-Dar, Ethiopia
Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen

Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir-Dar, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru, Addisu Workineh Kassa, Belay Bezabih Beyene, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen. (2014). Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 2(4), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

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ACS Style

Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru; Addisu Workineh Kassa; Belay Bezabih Beyene; Tilahun Belete Mossie; Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen. Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(4), 182-187. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

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AMA Style

Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru, Addisu Workineh Kassa, Belay Bezabih Beyene, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen. Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(4):182-187. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23,
  author = {Mulugojjam Andualem Tamiru and Addisu Workineh Kassa and Belay Bezabih Beyene and Tilahun Belete Mossie and Yeshiwork Amogne Mekonnen},
  title = {Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Mecha, Dera and Fogera Districts, Amhara Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {182-187},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140204.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140204.23},
  abstract = {Introduction- Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It remains the major public health challenge in Amhara region. Mecha, Dera and Fogera are some of the malaria endemic districts of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak and guide intervention measures. Methods – Descriptive cross sectional investigation of malaria outbreak was conducted. We used health facility records of malaria data and entomological survey. We discussed with health extension workers and available morbidity, mortality and diagnostic data was collected. We surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of LLINs and its status, the condition of IRS operation at household level was observed. Results-In Midre-Genet kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria in the 4th week of April was 3 per 1000(19) population and reached to 37 per 1000(226) population in the 2nd week of May 2012.The attack rate was 82.5 per 1000(67) population in under-fives and 82.6 per 1000(429) population in >5 years old. In Wotet-Ber kebele the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 5 per 1000(35) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 22 per 1000 (150) population in the 2nd week of May. The attack rate was 30.4 per 1000(28) population in under-fives and 42.9 per 1000(253) population in >5 years old. In Zemene-Hiwot kebele/village the prevalence rate of malaria increased to 4.5 per 1000 (45) population in the 1st week of May 2012 and became 17 per 1000(171) population in the 3rd week of May 2012. The attack rate was 82.6 per 1000(111) population in under-fives and 36.3 per 1000(312) in >5 years old.In Hamusit cluster the number of confirmed malaria cases surpass the threshold starting from December 2011. Attack rate was 8.9 per 1000(559) population in December 2011 and became 14.7 per 1000(919) population in April 2012. In Aba Kiros kebele prevalence rate of malaria increased in the 2nd week of May 2012 1.2(8) and reached to 14.9(93) per 1000 population in the 1st week of June 2012. Vector control interventions were not done in all affected villages/kebeles. Conclusion- There were multiple breeding sites where the larvae of anopheles mosquitoes found and vector control interventions were not carried out timely. There was no weekly monitoring chart at districts and health facilities to detect increased malaria cases at an early stage.},
 year = {2014}
}

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