Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats

Said Al-Dalaen; Aiman Al-Qtaitat; Samir Mahgoub; Nedal Alnawaiseh; Jehad Al-Shuneigat; Samih Sarayreh; Yousef Sarayreh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

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Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats

Said Al-Dalaen, Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Samir Mahgoub, Nedal Alnawaiseh, Jehad Al-Shuneigat, Samih Sarayreh, Yousef Sarayreh

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 3 August 2014 Accepted: 27 August 2014 Published: 10 September 2014

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Abstract

Objectives: Our work aimed to study the effect of experimentally induced obesity on the rate of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formation and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its relation to oxidative stress and also to evaluate the protective effect of ramipril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), valsartan [an angiotensin II blocker; AT1 receptor blocker), and their combination on these obese animals. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on ten female albino rats fed on standard chow as a control group and fifty obese animals received for sixteen weeks high fat diet alone or in concomitant combination with either ramipril (2 mg/kg/day or 0.25 mg/kg) or valsartan (0.30 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both drugs (0.25 mg/kg of ramipril and 0.30 mg/kg of valsartan daily for sixteen weeks). Blood, kidney and aortic AGEs, ACE activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were measured. Results: The obtained results showed increase in triacylglycerols (TGs) levels (p<0.043) in the obese animals versus the control group. The total blood cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, also, were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in obese animals compared to the corresponding values in controls, with a significant reduction in their levels in all treated groups except in group IV (p=.041) when compared to the control group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in the obese animals compared to its level in the controls. The obese animals showed significant increase in their blood glucose and serum insulin levels when compared to the controls [(p<0.037) and (p<0.045), respectively]. The results, also, revealed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase in the blood, kidney and aortic tissue levels of AGEs, ACE and AOPPs compared to their corresponding values in the control group. Treatment with ramipril, valsartan and their combination caused significant reduction in serum and tissue levels of both AGEs and AOPPs when compared with the obese group. On the other hand, ACE activity was markedly reduced following the administration of ramipril alone or when it is combined with valsartan, while the administration of valsartan alone showed no significant effect on the activity of ACE when compared to the obese group. Moreover, combination of ramipril (at a submaximal antihypertensive dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day) with valsartan produce a marked reduction in all parameters examined compared to valsartan alone. Conclusion: combination of ramipril and valsartan showed more therapeutic effect compared to individual therapy with ACE inhibitor or AT1 receptor blocker.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
Page(s)	241-250
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ramipril, Valsartan, Obesity, AGE, ACE, AOPPs

References

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Said Al-Dalaen, Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Samir Mahgoub, Nedal Alnawaiseh, Jehad Al-Shuneigat, et al. (2014). Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(4), 241-250. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

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Said Al-Dalaen; Aiman Al-Qtaitat; Samir Mahgoub; Nedal Alnawaiseh; Jehad Al-Shuneigat, et al. Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 2(4), 241-250. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

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AMA Style

Said Al-Dalaen, Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Samir Mahgoub, Nedal Alnawaiseh, Jehad Al-Shuneigat, et al. Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats. Am J Life Sci. 2014;2(4):241-250. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18,
  author = {Said Al-Dalaen and Aiman Al-Qtaitat and Samir Mahgoub and Nedal Alnawaiseh and Jehad Al-Shuneigat and Samih Sarayreh and Yousef Sarayreh},
  title = {Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {241-250},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20140204.18},
  abstract = {Objectives: Our work aimed to study the effect of experimentally induced obesity on the rate of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formation and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its relation to oxidative stress and also to evaluate the protective effect of ramipril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), valsartan [an angiotensin II blocker; AT1 receptor blocker), and their combination on these obese animals. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on ten female albino rats fed on standard chow as a control group and fifty obese animals received for sixteen weeks high fat diet alone or in concomitant combination with either ramipril (2 mg/kg/day or 0.25 mg/kg) or valsartan (0.30 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both drugs (0.25 mg/kg of ramipril and 0.30 mg/kg of valsartan daily for sixteen weeks). Blood, kidney and aortic AGEs, ACE activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were measured. Results: The obtained results showed increase in triacylglycerols (TGs) levels (p<0.043) in the obese animals versus the control group. The total blood cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, also, were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in obese animals compared to the corresponding values in controls, with a significant reduction in their levels in all treated groups except in group IV (p=.041) when compared to the control group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in the obese animals compared to its level in the controls. The obese animals showed significant increase in their blood glucose and serum insulin levels when compared to the controls [(p<0.037) and (p<0.045), respectively]. The results, also, revealed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase in the blood, kidney and aortic tissue levels of AGEs, ACE and AOPPs compared to their corresponding values in the control group. Treatment with ramipril, valsartan and their combination caused significant reduction in serum and tissue levels of both AGEs and AOPPs when compared with the obese group. On the other hand, ACE activity was markedly reduced following the administration of ramipril alone or when it is combined with valsartan, while the administration of valsartan alone showed no significant effect on the activity of ACE when compared to the obese group. Moreover, combination of ramipril (at a submaximal antihypertensive dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day) with valsartan produce a marked reduction in all parameters examined compared to valsartan alone. Conclusion: combination of ramipril and valsartan showed more therapeutic effect compared to individual therapy with ACE inhibitor or AT1 receptor blocker.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats
AU  - Said Al-Dalaen
AU  - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
AU  - Samir Mahgoub
AU  - Nedal Alnawaiseh
AU  - Jehad Al-Shuneigat
AU  - Samih Sarayreh
AU  - Yousef Sarayreh
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 241
EP  - 250
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
AB  - Objectives: Our work aimed to study the effect of experimentally induced obesity on the rate of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formation and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its relation to oxidative stress and also to evaluate the protective effect of ramipril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), valsartan [an angiotensin II blocker; AT1 receptor blocker), and their combination on these obese animals. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on ten female albino rats fed on standard chow as a control group and fifty obese animals received for sixteen weeks high fat diet alone or in concomitant combination with either ramipril (2 mg/kg/day or 0.25 mg/kg) or valsartan (0.30 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both drugs (0.25 mg/kg of ramipril and 0.30 mg/kg of valsartan daily for sixteen weeks). Blood, kidney and aortic AGEs, ACE activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were measured. Results: The obtained results showed increase in triacylglycerols (TGs) levels (p<0.043) in the obese animals versus the control group. The total blood cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, also, were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in obese animals compared to the corresponding values in controls, with a significant reduction in their levels in all treated groups except in group IV (p=.041) when compared to the control group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in the obese animals compared to its level in the controls. The obese animals showed significant increase in their blood glucose and serum insulin levels when compared to the controls [(p<0.037) and (p<0.045), respectively]. The results, also, revealed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase in the blood, kidney and aortic tissue levels of AGEs, ACE and AOPPs compared to their corresponding values in the control group. Treatment with ramipril, valsartan and their combination caused significant reduction in serum and tissue levels of both AGEs and AOPPs when compared with the obese group. On the other hand, ACE activity was markedly reduced following the administration of ramipril alone or when it is combined with valsartan, while the administration of valsartan alone showed no significant effect on the activity of ACE when compared to the obese group. Moreover, combination of ramipril (at a submaximal antihypertensive dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day) with valsartan produce a marked reduction in all parameters examined compared to valsartan alone. Conclusion: combination of ramipril and valsartan showed more therapeutic effect compared to individual therapy with ACE inhibitor or AT1 receptor blocker.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Said Al-Dalaen

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Aiman Al-Qtaitat

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Samir Mahgoub

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Nedal Alnawaiseh

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Jehad Al-Shuneigat

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Samih Sarayreh

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Yousef Sarayreh

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan

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Said Al-Dalaen, Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Samir Mahgoub, Nedal Alnawaiseh, Jehad Al-Shuneigat, et al. (2014). Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(4), 241-250. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

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ACS Style

Said Al-Dalaen; Aiman Al-Qtaitat; Samir Mahgoub; Nedal Alnawaiseh; Jehad Al-Shuneigat, et al. Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 2(4), 241-250. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

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AMA Style

Said Al-Dalaen, Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Samir Mahgoub, Nedal Alnawaiseh, Jehad Al-Shuneigat, et al. Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats. Am J Life Sci. 2014;2(4):241-250. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18,
  author = {Said Al-Dalaen and Aiman Al-Qtaitat and Samir Mahgoub and Nedal Alnawaiseh and Jehad Al-Shuneigat and Samih Sarayreh and Yousef Sarayreh},
  title = {Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {241-250},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20140204.18},
  abstract = {Objectives: Our work aimed to study the effect of experimentally induced obesity on the rate of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formation and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its relation to oxidative stress and also to evaluate the protective effect of ramipril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), valsartan [an angiotensin II blocker; AT1 receptor blocker), and their combination on these obese animals. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on ten female albino rats fed on standard chow as a control group and fifty obese animals received for sixteen weeks high fat diet alone or in concomitant combination with either ramipril (2 mg/kg/day or 0.25 mg/kg) or valsartan (0.30 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both drugs (0.25 mg/kg of ramipril and 0.30 mg/kg of valsartan daily for sixteen weeks). Blood, kidney and aortic AGEs, ACE activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were measured. Results: The obtained results showed increase in triacylglycerols (TGs) levels (p<0.043) in the obese animals versus the control group. The total blood cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, also, were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in obese animals compared to the corresponding values in controls, with a significant reduction in their levels in all treated groups except in group IV (p=.041) when compared to the control group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in the obese animals compared to its level in the controls. The obese animals showed significant increase in their blood glucose and serum insulin levels when compared to the controls [(p<0.037) and (p<0.045), respectively]. The results, also, revealed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase in the blood, kidney and aortic tissue levels of AGEs, ACE and AOPPs compared to their corresponding values in the control group. Treatment with ramipril, valsartan and their combination caused significant reduction in serum and tissue levels of both AGEs and AOPPs when compared with the obese group. On the other hand, ACE activity was markedly reduced following the administration of ramipril alone or when it is combined with valsartan, while the administration of valsartan alone showed no significant effect on the activity of ACE when compared to the obese group. Moreover, combination of ramipril (at a submaximal antihypertensive dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day) with valsartan produce a marked reduction in all parameters examined compared to valsartan alone. Conclusion: combination of ramipril and valsartan showed more therapeutic effect compared to individual therapy with ACE inhibitor or AT1 receptor blocker.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ramipril and Valsartan as Protective Agents against Some Complications of an Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats
AU  - Said Al-Dalaen
AU  - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
AU  - Samir Mahgoub
AU  - Nedal Alnawaiseh
AU  - Jehad Al-Shuneigat
AU  - Samih Sarayreh
AU  - Yousef Sarayreh
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 241
EP  - 250
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.18
AB  - Objectives: Our work aimed to study the effect of experimentally induced obesity on the rate of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) formation and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and its relation to oxidative stress and also to evaluate the protective effect of ramipril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), valsartan [an angiotensin II blocker; AT1 receptor blocker), and their combination on these obese animals. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on ten female albino rats fed on standard chow as a control group and fifty obese animals received for sixteen weeks high fat diet alone or in concomitant combination with either ramipril (2 mg/kg/day or 0.25 mg/kg) or valsartan (0.30 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both drugs (0.25 mg/kg of ramipril and 0.30 mg/kg of valsartan daily for sixteen weeks). Blood, kidney and aortic AGEs, ACE activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) were measured. Results: The obtained results showed increase in triacylglycerols (TGs) levels (p<0.043) in the obese animals versus the control group. The total blood cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, also, were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in obese animals compared to the corresponding values in controls, with a significant reduction in their levels in all treated groups except in group IV (p=.041) when compared to the control group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in the obese animals compared to its level in the controls. The obese animals showed significant increase in their blood glucose and serum insulin levels when compared to the controls [(p<0.037) and (p<0.045), respectively]. The results, also, revealed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase in the blood, kidney and aortic tissue levels of AGEs, ACE and AOPPs compared to their corresponding values in the control group. Treatment with ramipril, valsartan and their combination caused significant reduction in serum and tissue levels of both AGEs and AOPPs when compared with the obese group. On the other hand, ACE activity was markedly reduced following the administration of ramipril alone or when it is combined with valsartan, while the administration of valsartan alone showed no significant effect on the activity of ACE when compared to the obese group. Moreover, combination of ramipril (at a submaximal antihypertensive dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day) with valsartan produce a marked reduction in all parameters examined compared to valsartan alone. Conclusion: combination of ramipril and valsartan showed more therapeutic effect compared to individual therapy with ACE inhibitor or AT1 receptor blocker.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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