Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria

Olaitan James Olatunde; Olukoya Olatunbosun; Ayodele Olatunde; Chimezie Anyakora; Kesi Christopher

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

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Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria

Olaitan James Olatunde, Olukoya Olatunbosun, Ayodele Olatunde, Chimezie Anyakora, Kesi Christopher

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 16 August 2014 Accepted: 1 September 2014 Published: 20 September 2014

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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wastewater and river water from an aqua cultural environment in Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State-Nigeria) using Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges (C8 and C18). The three pharmaceuticals tested were Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. All the pharmaceuticals, except Tetracycline, were found in varying concentrations with the highest value for Chloramphenicol found to be 0.60ng/ml and that of Oxytetracycline was 0.46ng/ml. The discovery of Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline in water using SPE-HPLC is novel in Nigeria. This result showed the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water in this small community which occasionally depends on river water for domestic purposes. Establishing modern wastewater treatment devices which can conveniently remove pharmaceuticals in water before they are discharge into the environment is recommended as this will help to preserve our ecosystem.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
Page(s)	226-230
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pharmaceuticals, Ijebu-Ode, Antibiotics, Solid-Phase-Extraction, HPLC, Fish-Pond, Wastewater, Treatment-Plants

References

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[2]	U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Current Analytical Capabilities to Measure Emerging Contaminants in water 2005, : http://toxics.usgs.gov/regiona/emc_water.html, 3 p. (accessed 10/24/05).
[3]	Herbert T. Buxton. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: What we know, and need to know. U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, 609-771-3944.
[4]	USEPA. PPCPs and One Approach of EPA/ORD’s to “Emerging” Sciences Issues. USEPA National Exposure Research Laboratory Environmental Sciences, 2002b. www.epa.gov/esd/chemistry/pharma/science-issues.htm
[5]	Daughton CG, Ternes TA. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Agents of Subtle Change? Environmental Health Perspectives. 1999, 107:6:907-938
[6]	Erickson BE. Analyzing the Ignored Environmental Contaminants. Environmental Science and Technology. 2002, April 1. pp. 140A-145A.http://www.epa.gov/esd/chemistry/ppcp/images/est-ignored-pollutants.pdf.
[7]	Song W, Ding Y, Chiou CT, Li H. Selected veterinary pharmaceuticals in agricultural water and soil from land application of animals. J. environ Qual. 2010;39(4):1211-7
[8]	PestizidAktions-Netzwerke. V (PAN). Veterinary Medicinal Products and Protection of the Aenvironment. PAN Germany Publishing Publications, 2013, Page 3
[9]	PestizidAktions-Netzwerke. V (PAN). Veterinary Medicinal Products and Protection of the environment. PAN Germany Publications website- www.pan-germany.or/br/projectwork/ veterinary- pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 01-07-2014
[10]	DrugBank:http://www.drugbank.ca
[11]	Shelton LR. Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program.US Geological Survey Open-File Report. 1991, 94-455.
[12]	Dana W.Kolpin, Mary Skopec, Michael T.Meyer, Edward T.Furlong,Steven D.Zaugg. Urban contribution of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants to streams during differing flow conditions. Science of the Total Environment 328 (2004) 119–130.
[13]	Cavenati S. Simultaneous determination of several veterinary pharmaceuticals in effluents from urban, livestock and slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants using a simple chromatographic method. Water Sci Technoloy 2012, 66(3):603-11.
[14]	Marta Kolodziejska, Joanna Maszkowska, Anna Bialk-Bielinski, Stephanie Steudte, Jolanta Kumirska, Piotr Stepnowski, Stefan Stolte. Aquatic toxicity of four veterinary drugs commonly applied in fish farming and animal husbandry. J. Chemosphere 2013.04.057.
[15]	Francisco Barros-Becker, Jaime Romero, Alvaro Pulgar, Carmen G. Feijoo. Persistent oxytetracycline exposure induces an inflammatory process that improves regenerative capacity in Zebrafish Larvae. PLoS ONE 2012, 7(5);e36827.doi;10.1371/Journal.Pone.0036827.
[16]	Hong-Thih Lai, Jung-Hsin Hou, Chyong-Ing Su, Chun-Lang Chen. Effects of Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol and Tiampenicol on growth of algae Chorella pyrenoidosa, Isocrysis albana and Tetraselmis chui. Journal of Ecotoxicoloy and Environmental Safety. 2008, 72(2):329-34.
[17]	Chen QY, Wu ZH, Liu JL. Ecotoxicity of Chloramphenicol and Hg acting on the root elongation of crops in north china. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2011, 11(5):4:909-916.
[18]	Choi K, Kim Y, Jung J, Kim MH, Kim CS, Kim NH , Park J. Occurrence and ecological risks of Roxithromycin, Trimethoprim and Chloramphenicol in the Han River, Korea. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 (3):711-9.
[19]	Olatunde James Olaitan, Chimezie Anyakora, Tolulope Bamiro and Aminat Temitope Tella. Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface and underground water by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology. 2014 Vol. 6(3), pp. 20-26.

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APA Style

Olaitan James Olatunde, Olukoya Olatunbosun, Ayodele Olatunde, Chimezie Anyakora, Kesi Christopher. (2014). Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(4), 226-230. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

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ACS Style

Olaitan James Olatunde; Olukoya Olatunbosun; Ayodele Olatunde; Chimezie Anyakora; Kesi Christopher. Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(4), 226-230. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

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AMA Style

Olaitan James Olatunde, Olukoya Olatunbosun, Ayodele Olatunde, Chimezie Anyakora, Kesi Christopher. Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(4):226-230. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16,
  author = {Olaitan James Olatunde and Olukoya Olatunbosun and Ayodele Olatunde and Chimezie Anyakora and Kesi Christopher},
  title = {Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {226-230},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20140204.16},
  abstract = {Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wastewater and river water from an aqua cultural environment in Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State-Nigeria) using Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges (C8 and C18). The three pharmaceuticals tested were Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. All the pharmaceuticals, except Tetracycline, were found in varying concentrations with the highest value for Chloramphenicol found to be 0.60ng/ml and that of Oxytetracycline was 0.46ng/ml. The discovery of Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline in water using SPE-HPLC is novel in Nigeria. This result showed the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water in this small community which occasionally depends on river water for domestic purposes. Establishing modern wastewater treatment devices which can conveniently remove pharmaceuticals in water before they are discharge into the environment is recommended as this will help to preserve our ecosystem.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria
AU  - Olaitan James Olatunde
AU  - Olukoya Olatunbosun
AU  - Ayodele Olatunde
AU  - Chimezie Anyakora
AU  - Kesi Christopher
Y1  - 2014/09/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 226
EP  - 230
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
AB  - Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wastewater and river water from an aqua cultural environment in Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State-Nigeria) using Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges (C8 and C18). The three pharmaceuticals tested were Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. All the pharmaceuticals, except Tetracycline, were found in varying concentrations with the highest value for Chloramphenicol found to be 0.60ng/ml and that of Oxytetracycline was 0.46ng/ml. The discovery of Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline in water using SPE-HPLC is novel in Nigeria. This result showed the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water in this small community which occasionally depends on river water for domestic purposes. Establishing modern wastewater treatment devices which can conveniently remove pharmaceuticals in water before they are discharge into the environment is recommended as this will help to preserve our ecosystem.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Olaitan James Olatunde

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Olukoya Olatunbosun

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Ayodele Olatunde

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Chimezie Anyakora

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
Kesi Christopher

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Olaitan James Olatunde, Olukoya Olatunbosun, Ayodele Olatunde, Chimezie Anyakora, Kesi Christopher. (2014). Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(4), 226-230. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

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ACS Style

Olaitan James Olatunde; Olukoya Olatunbosun; Ayodele Olatunde; Chimezie Anyakora; Kesi Christopher. Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(4), 226-230. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

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AMA Style

Olaitan James Olatunde, Olukoya Olatunbosun, Ayodele Olatunde, Chimezie Anyakora, Kesi Christopher. Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(4):226-230. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16,
  author = {Olaitan James Olatunde and Olukoya Olatunbosun and Ayodele Olatunde and Chimezie Anyakora and Kesi Christopher},
  title = {Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {226-230},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20140204.16},
  abstract = {Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wastewater and river water from an aqua cultural environment in Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State-Nigeria) using Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges (C8 and C18). The three pharmaceuticals tested were Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. All the pharmaceuticals, except Tetracycline, were found in varying concentrations with the highest value for Chloramphenicol found to be 0.60ng/ml and that of Oxytetracycline was 0.46ng/ml. The discovery of Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline in water using SPE-HPLC is novel in Nigeria. This result showed the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water in this small community which occasionally depends on river water for domestic purposes. Establishing modern wastewater treatment devices which can conveniently remove pharmaceuticals in water before they are discharge into the environment is recommended as this will help to preserve our ecosystem.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Occurrence of Selected Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Water from a Fish Pond Settlement in Ogun State, Nigeria
AU  - Olaitan James Olatunde
AU  - Olukoya Olatunbosun
AU  - Ayodele Olatunde
AU  - Chimezie Anyakora
AU  - Kesi Christopher
Y1  - 2014/09/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 226
EP  - 230
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140204.16
AB  - Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that are increasingly entering the water system. These include veterinary drugs which are used for treating, mitigating or preventing illness or influencing specific body functions in animals. This research is aimed at using HPLC to detect the presence of veterinary drugs that were extracted in fish-pond-wastewater and river water from an aqua cultural environment in Ijebu-Ode (Ogun State-Nigeria) using Solid Phase Extraction Cartridges (C8 and C18). The three pharmaceuticals tested were Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. All the pharmaceuticals, except Tetracycline, were found in varying concentrations with the highest value for Chloramphenicol found to be 0.60ng/ml and that of Oxytetracycline was 0.46ng/ml. The discovery of Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline in water using SPE-HPLC is novel in Nigeria. This result showed the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in water in this small community which occasionally depends on river water for domestic purposes. Establishing modern wastewater treatment devices which can conveniently remove pharmaceuticals in water before they are discharge into the environment is recommended as this will help to preserve our ecosystem.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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