Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy

Md. Azizar Rahman; Abdul Quader; A. K. M. Akther Hossain

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy

Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 25 December 2013 Published: 30 January 2014

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Abstract

High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.

Published in	International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
Page(s)	11-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Relaxation Mechanism, Conduction Mechanism, Impedance Spectroscopy, Modulus Spectroscopy

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Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain. (2014). Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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Md. Azizar Rahman; Abdul Quader; A. K. M. Akther Hossain. Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2014, 2(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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AMA Style

Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain. Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2014;2(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13,
  author = {Md. Azizar Rahman and Abdul Quader and A. K. M. Akther Hossain},
  title = {Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20140201.13},
  abstract = {High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy
AU - Md. Azizar Rahman
AU - Abdul Quader
AU - A. K. M. Akther Hossain
Y1 - 2014/01/30
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
T2 - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP - 11
EP - 17
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-0248
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13
AB - High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.
VL - 2
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Md. Azizar Rahman

Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abdul Quader

Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
A. K. M. Akther Hossain

Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain. (2014). Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 2(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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ACS Style

Md. Azizar Rahman; Abdul Quader; A. K. M. Akther Hossain. Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2014, 2(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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AMA Style

Md. Azizar Rahman, Abdul Quader, A. K. M. Akther Hossain. Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2014;2(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13,
  author = {Md. Azizar Rahman and Abdul Quader and A. K. M. Akther Hossain},
  title = {Relaxation and Conduction Mechanisms of High Tc Lead-Free Ba (Zr,Ti)O3 Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Ceramic Using Impedance Spectroscopy},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20140201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20140201.13},
  abstract = {High Tc lead–free Ba (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramic was produced by the standard solid state reaction technique. X–ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of the tetragonal perovskite structure of the ferroelectric sample. The conduction and relaxation mechanisms of the piezoelectric ceramic have been studied on the basis of activation energy. The relaxation mechanism is investigated for this sample based on the peaks of the imaginary part of electrical impedance and modulus spectra. The Cole-Cole plots indicate that the grain effect is influenced by the increase of temperature up to 200 °C and disappeared beyond this temperature. The temperature versus electrical resistivity plots show that a phase transition occurs at the Curie temperature, Tc =150 °C. The ceramic exhibits a PTCR jump of almost two orders of magnitude starting at 150 °C and ending at 275 °C with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~25 % per °C. The electrical resistivity measurements also reveal that the sample shows semiconducting behavior beyond 275 °C with the value of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity of ~ 0.6% per °C.},
 year = {2014}
}

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