Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania

Ejike Daniel Eze; Ambrose Barasa; Moses Dele Adams; Karimah Mohammed Rabiu; Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua; Iliya Ezekiel; Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola; Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania

Ejike Daniel Eze, Ambrose Barasa, Moses Dele Adams, Karimah Mohammed Rabiu, Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, Iliya Ezekiel, Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola, Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 9 September 2018 Accepted: 28 September 2018 Published: 6 November 2018

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Abstract

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. The prevalence of PEM in the children under five years of age has been shown not to witness a great improvement in Tanzania. It even increased in some districts including Kigoma District. Thus, this research was designed to assess the factors contributing to the high prevalence of PEM in children under 5 years of age in Kigoma District Hospital of Tanzania. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved randomly selected 100 women, who had children under 5 years of age. The women and their children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect the nutritional status. The results showed a high prevalence of PEM in the children under 5 years of age as shown by the clinical symptoms such as poor weight gain, slowed linear growth, behavioral changes, anemia, muscle wasting, peripheral edema, glossitis, cheilosis, sparse hair and nail spooning. The poor socioeconomic status that might have resulted from poverty was also indicated. The high prevalence of PEM in Kigoma District could be due to infections and low educational status of the mother resulting in poor nutritional status of their children.

Published in	Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
Page(s)	123-128
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Educational Status, Infection, Kigoma District, Anemia

References

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APA Style

Ejike Daniel Eze, Ambrose Barasa, Moses Dele Adams, Karimah Mohammed Rabiu, Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, et al. (2018). Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6(5), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

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ACS Style

Ejike Daniel Eze; Ambrose Barasa; Moses Dele Adams; Karimah Mohammed Rabiu; Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, et al. Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2018, 6(5), 123-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

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AMA Style

Ejike Daniel Eze, Ambrose Barasa, Moses Dele Adams, Karimah Mohammed Rabiu, Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, et al. Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania. J Food Nutr Sci. 2018;6(5):123-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12,
  author = {Ejike Daniel Eze and Ambrose Barasa and Moses Dele Adams and Karimah Mohammed Rabiu and Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua and Iliya Ezekiel and Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola and Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi},
  title = {Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {123-128},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20180605.12},
  abstract = {Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. The prevalence of PEM in the children under five years of age has been shown not to witness a great improvement in Tanzania. It even increased in some districts including Kigoma District. Thus, this research was designed to assess the factors contributing to the high prevalence of PEM in children under 5 years of age in Kigoma District Hospital of Tanzania. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved randomly selected 100 women, who had children under 5 years of age. The women and their children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect the nutritional status. The results showed a high prevalence of PEM in the children under 5 years of age as shown by the clinical symptoms such as poor weight gain, slowed linear growth, behavioral changes, anemia, muscle wasting, peripheral edema, glossitis, cheilosis, sparse hair and nail spooning. The poor socioeconomic status that might have resulted from poverty was also indicated. The high prevalence of PEM in Kigoma District could be due to infections and low educational status of the mother resulting in poor nutritional status of their children.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania
AU  - Ejike Daniel Eze
AU  - Ambrose Barasa
AU  - Moses Dele Adams
AU  - Karimah Mohammed Rabiu
AU  - Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
AU  - Iliya Ezekiel
AU  - Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola
AU  - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
Y1  - 2018/11/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 123
EP  - 128
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
AB  - Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. The prevalence of PEM in the children under five years of age has been shown not to witness a great improvement in Tanzania. It even increased in some districts including Kigoma District. Thus, this research was designed to assess the factors contributing to the high prevalence of PEM in children under 5 years of age in Kigoma District Hospital of Tanzania. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved randomly selected 100 women, who had children under 5 years of age. The women and their children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect the nutritional status. The results showed a high prevalence of PEM in the children under 5 years of age as shown by the clinical symptoms such as poor weight gain, slowed linear growth, behavioral changes, anemia, muscle wasting, peripheral edema, glossitis, cheilosis, sparse hair and nail spooning. The poor socioeconomic status that might have resulted from poverty was also indicated. The high prevalence of PEM in Kigoma District could be due to infections and low educational status of the mother resulting in poor nutritional status of their children.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Ejike Daniel Eze

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
Ambrose Barasa

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
Moses Dele Adams

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
Karimah Mohammed Rabiu

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
Iliya Ezekiel

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria
Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda

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Ejike Daniel Eze, Ambrose Barasa, Moses Dele Adams, Karimah Mohammed Rabiu, Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, et al. (2018). Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6(5), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

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ACS Style

Ejike Daniel Eze; Ambrose Barasa; Moses Dele Adams; Karimah Mohammed Rabiu; Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, et al. Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2018, 6(5), 123-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

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AMA Style

Ejike Daniel Eze, Ambrose Barasa, Moses Dele Adams, Karimah Mohammed Rabiu, Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, et al. Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania. J Food Nutr Sci. 2018;6(5):123-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12,
  author = {Ejike Daniel Eze and Ambrose Barasa and Moses Dele Adams and Karimah Mohammed Rabiu and Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua and Iliya Ezekiel and Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola and Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi},
  title = {Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania},
  journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {123-128},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20180605.12},
  abstract = {Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. The prevalence of PEM in the children under five years of age has been shown not to witness a great improvement in Tanzania. It even increased in some districts including Kigoma District. Thus, this research was designed to assess the factors contributing to the high prevalence of PEM in children under 5 years of age in Kigoma District Hospital of Tanzania. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved randomly selected 100 women, who had children under 5 years of age. The women and their children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect the nutritional status. The results showed a high prevalence of PEM in the children under 5 years of age as shown by the clinical symptoms such as poor weight gain, slowed linear growth, behavioral changes, anemia, muscle wasting, peripheral edema, glossitis, cheilosis, sparse hair and nail spooning. The poor socioeconomic status that might have resulted from poverty was also indicated. The high prevalence of PEM in Kigoma District could be due to infections and low educational status of the mother resulting in poor nutritional status of their children.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Protein–Energy Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years of Age Attending Kigoma District Hospital, Tanzania
AU  - Ejike Daniel Eze
AU  - Ambrose Barasa
AU  - Moses Dele Adams
AU  - Karimah Mohammed Rabiu
AU  - Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
AU  - Iliya Ezekiel
AU  - Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola
AU  - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
Y1  - 2018/11/06
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
SP  - 123
EP  - 128
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7293
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20180605.12
AB  - Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a form of malnutrition that is common in children under 5 years of age in the developing countries and even the developed countries. Young children are the most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, infection and disability, all of which influence the present condition of a child and the future human resource development of the nation as a whole. The prevalence of PEM in the children under five years of age has been shown not to witness a great improvement in Tanzania. It even increased in some districts including Kigoma District. Thus, this research was designed to assess the factors contributing to the high prevalence of PEM in children under 5 years of age in Kigoma District Hospital of Tanzania. This study was a cross-sectional study that involved randomly selected 100 women, who had children under 5 years of age. The women and their children were assessed for their nutritional status and the factors that affect the nutritional status. The results showed a high prevalence of PEM in the children under 5 years of age as shown by the clinical symptoms such as poor weight gain, slowed linear growth, behavioral changes, anemia, muscle wasting, peripheral edema, glossitis, cheilosis, sparse hair and nail spooning. The poor socioeconomic status that might have resulted from poverty was also indicated. The high prevalence of PEM in Kigoma District could be due to infections and low educational status of the mother resulting in poor nutritional status of their children.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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