Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor

Sih Lee; Junghye Jeong; Yang Lee

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

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Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor

Sih Lee, Junghye Jeong, Yang Lee

Published in Journal of Human Resource Management (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 2 August 2017 Accepted: 15 August 2017 Published: 21 September 2017

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Abstract

This study attempted to break limitations of traditional dimensions of labor, as pronounced in the physical and emotional labor, and propose a third dimension of cognitive labor. Evaluators estimated the tendency of the three types of labor in references of episodes, which illustrate various occupations such as professorship for cognitive labor, service-work for emotional labor, and construction-work for physical labor. The three labors were identified by extraction in factor analysis. On the three coordinates of labor, distances were measured between pairs of episodes. Supported with data, a dimension of cognitive labor was differentiated, constituting the three dimensions of labor as cognitive, emotional, and physical. With the independence of the three dimensions of labor, the demand and supply for each dimension are expected to be positively managed in balance for labor markets. The adoption of cognitive labor dedicates to the change of maps in labor conflicts, where traditionally problems were depicted mostly by physical and emotional labor.

Published in	Journal of Human Resource Management (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
Page(s)	57-62
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Labor Dimensions, Cognitive Labor, Emotional Labor, Physical Labor

References

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APA Style

Sih Lee, Junghye Jeong, Yang Lee. (2017). Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(4), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

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ACS Style

Sih Lee; Junghye Jeong; Yang Lee. Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 2017, 5(4), 57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

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AMA Style

Sih Lee, Junghye Jeong, Yang Lee. Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor. J Hum Resour Manag. 2017;5(4):57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11,
  author = {Sih Lee and Junghye Jeong and Yang Lee},
  title = {Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor},
  journal = {Journal of Human Resource Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {57-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jhrm.20170504.11},
  abstract = {This study attempted to break limitations of traditional dimensions of labor, as pronounced in the physical and emotional labor, and propose a third dimension of cognitive labor. Evaluators estimated the tendency of the three types of labor in references of episodes, which illustrate various occupations such as professorship for cognitive labor, service-work for emotional labor, and construction-work for physical labor. The three labors were identified by extraction in factor analysis. On the three coordinates of labor, distances were measured between pairs of episodes. Supported with data, a dimension of cognitive labor was differentiated, constituting the three dimensions of labor as cognitive, emotional, and physical. With the independence of the three dimensions of labor, the demand and supply for each dimension are expected to be positively managed in balance for labor markets. The adoption of cognitive labor dedicates to the change of maps in labor conflicts, where traditionally problems were depicted mostly by physical and emotional labor.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor
AU  - Sih Lee
AU  - Junghye Jeong
AU  - Yang Lee
Y1  - 2017/09/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
T2  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JF  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JO  - Journal of Human Resource Management
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0715
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
AB  - This study attempted to break limitations of traditional dimensions of labor, as pronounced in the physical and emotional labor, and propose a third dimension of cognitive labor. Evaluators estimated the tendency of the three types of labor in references of episodes, which illustrate various occupations such as professorship for cognitive labor, service-work for emotional labor, and construction-work for physical labor. The three labors were identified by extraction in factor analysis. On the three coordinates of labor, distances were measured between pairs of episodes. Supported with data, a dimension of cognitive labor was differentiated, constituting the three dimensions of labor as cognitive, emotional, and physical. With the independence of the three dimensions of labor, the demand and supply for each dimension are expected to be positively managed in balance for labor markets. The adoption of cognitive labor dedicates to the change of maps in labor conflicts, where traditionally problems were depicted mostly by physical and emotional labor.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
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Author Information

Sih Lee

Department of Economics, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
Junghye Jeong

Department of Mathematics, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
Yang Lee

Department of Psychology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea

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APA Style

Sih Lee, Junghye Jeong, Yang Lee. (2017). Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(4), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

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ACS Style

Sih Lee; Junghye Jeong; Yang Lee. Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. 2017, 5(4), 57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

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AMA Style

Sih Lee, Junghye Jeong, Yang Lee. Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor. J Hum Resour Manag. 2017;5(4):57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11,
  author = {Sih Lee and Junghye Jeong and Yang Lee},
  title = {Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor},
  journal = {Journal of Human Resource Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {57-62},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jhrm.20170504.11},
  abstract = {This study attempted to break limitations of traditional dimensions of labor, as pronounced in the physical and emotional labor, and propose a third dimension of cognitive labor. Evaluators estimated the tendency of the three types of labor in references of episodes, which illustrate various occupations such as professorship for cognitive labor, service-work for emotional labor, and construction-work for physical labor. The three labors were identified by extraction in factor analysis. On the three coordinates of labor, distances were measured between pairs of episodes. Supported with data, a dimension of cognitive labor was differentiated, constituting the three dimensions of labor as cognitive, emotional, and physical. With the independence of the three dimensions of labor, the demand and supply for each dimension are expected to be positively managed in balance for labor markets. The adoption of cognitive labor dedicates to the change of maps in labor conflicts, where traditionally problems were depicted mostly by physical and emotional labor.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Three Dimensions of Labor: Cognitive Labor Differentiated from Emotional and Physical Labor
AU  - Sih Lee
AU  - Junghye Jeong
AU  - Yang Lee
Y1  - 2017/09/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
T2  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JF  - Journal of Human Resource Management
JO  - Journal of Human Resource Management
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0715
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20170504.11
AB  - This study attempted to break limitations of traditional dimensions of labor, as pronounced in the physical and emotional labor, and propose a third dimension of cognitive labor. Evaluators estimated the tendency of the three types of labor in references of episodes, which illustrate various occupations such as professorship for cognitive labor, service-work for emotional labor, and construction-work for physical labor. The three labors were identified by extraction in factor analysis. On the three coordinates of labor, distances were measured between pairs of episodes. Supported with data, a dimension of cognitive labor was differentiated, constituting the three dimensions of labor as cognitive, emotional, and physical. With the independence of the three dimensions of labor, the demand and supply for each dimension are expected to be positively managed in balance for labor markets. The adoption of cognitive labor dedicates to the change of maps in labor conflicts, where traditionally problems were depicted mostly by physical and emotional labor.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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