This Study examines the association between five firm-specific characteristics and the level of compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS 18) by listed Firms in Bahrain Bourse. A self-constructed compliance checklist was developed and the compliance index was derived to represent the level of compliance among publically traded firms in Bahrain Bourse for the year 2013 to IAS 18 disclosure requirements. The results detected an aggregate mean compliance of 63% to IAS 18 disclosure requirements. A significant positive relationship was found between the level of compliance and a company’s size, and auditor type. A significant negative relationship was found between the IAS 18 disclosure level and a company’s debt level (leverage). However, a significant relationship between the level of IAS 18 disclosure level and a company’s profits or age could not be established in this research. The results of this research can benefit investors and companies as well, as the results will determine what level of compliance to IAS 18 are listed companies in Bahrain Bourse are committed to, and how transparent are the revenues they are reporting in their financials
Published in | Journal of Investment and Management (Volume 4, Issue 5) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22 |
Page(s) | 216-227 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Corporate Financial Reporting, IAS 18, Disclosure, Bahrain Bourse
[1] | A Closer Look at the New Revenue Recognition Standard. (2014). Earnest and Young. (http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Applying_IFRS:_A_closer_look_at_the_new_revenue_recognition_standard_(June_2014)/$FILE/Applying-Rev-June2014.pdf) |
[2] | Agyei-Mensah, B.K. (2014). Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Ghana and the Quality of Financial Statement Disclosures. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 3(2), 269-282. |
[3] | Akhtaruddin, M. (2005). Corporate Mandatory Disclosure Practices in Bangladesh. The International Journal of Accounting, 40(4), 399-422. |
[4] | Albu, N., Nicolae-Albu, C., Bunea, S., Artemisa-Calu, D., and Madalina-Girbina, M. (2011). A Story about IAS/IFRS Implementation in Romania: An Institutional and Structuration theory perspective. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 1(1), 76-97. |
[5] | Al Saeed, K. (2006). The Association Between Firm Specific Characteristics and Disclosure: The Case of Saudi Arabia. Managerial Accounting Journal, 21(5), 476-495. |
[6] | Al-Shammari, B., Brown, P., and Tarca, A. (2008). An Investigation of Compliance with International Account Standards by Listed Companies in the Gulf Co-Operation Council Member States. The International Journal of Accounting, 43(1), 425-447. |
[7] | Al-Shammari, B. (2011). Factors influencing the extent of mandatory compliance with international financial reporting standards: The case of Kuwaiti listed companies. Journal of International Business and Economics, 11(4), 305-360. |
[8] | Al-Qahtani, A. (2005). The Development of Accounting Regulation in the GCC. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(3), 217-226. |
[9] | Bahrain Economic Indicators, (2013), Central Bank of Bahrain. (http://www.cbb.gov.bh/page-p-economic_indicators.htm) |
[10] | Ballas, A., Skoutela, D., & Christos, T. (2010). The Relevance of IFRS to an Emerging Market: Evidence from Greece. Managerial Finance, 36(11), 931-948. |
[11] | Borker, D. (2012). Accounting, Culture, and Emerging Economies: IFRS in the BRIC Countries. Journal of Business and Economics Research, 10(5), 313-322. |
[12] | Boumediene, E., Boumediene, S., Nafti, O. (2014). Impact of Adopting IAS-IFRS on the Handling of Accounting Data: The Case of France.The Journal of Applied Business Research, 30(4), 1239-1249. |
[13] | Cairns, D. (1997). IFAC--20 years on. World Accounting Report, 2. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/204256361?accountid=44753 |
[14] | Cavalier-Rosa, G., & L.Tiras, S. (2013). Brazil’s Adoption of IFRS: Fertile Ground for Examining Earnings Management. Brazilian Business Review, 10(4), 133-146. |
[15] | Cooke, T.E., & Wallace, R.S.O. (1990). Financial disclosure regulation and its environment: A review and further analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 9(2), 79-110. |
[16] | Demir, V., & Bahadir, O. (2014). An Investigation of Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards by Listed Companies in Turkey. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 13(1), 4-34. |
[17] | Desoky, A. M., & Mousa, G.A. (2014). The Value Relevance and Predictability of IFRS Accounting Information: The Case of GCC Stock Markets. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 4(2), 215-235. |
[18] | Ebrahim, A. (2014). IFRS Compliance and Audit Quality in Developing Countries: The Case of Income Tax Accounting in Egypt. Journal of International Business Research, 13(2), 19-37. |
[19] | Glaum, M., & Street, D.L. (2003). Compliance with Disclosure Requirements of Germany’s New Market: IAS versus US GAAP. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 14(1), 64-100. |
[20] | Hamdan, A. (2011). The Impact of Company Size, Debt Contracts, and Type of Sector on the Level of Accounting Conservatism: An Empirical Study from Bahrain. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(7), 134-146. |
[21] | Harper, A., Leatherbury, L., Machua, A., & Phillips, J. (2012). The Impact of Switching to International Financial Reporting Standards on United States Businesses. Journal of International Education Research, 8(4), 467-472. |
[22] | Hla, D.T., Isa, A.H., & Shaikh, J.M. (2013). IFRS Compliance and Nonfinancial Information in Annual Reports of Malaysian Firms. IUP Journal of Accounting Research & Audit Practices, 12(4), 7-24. |
[23] | Holthausen, R.W. & Leftwich R.W. (1983). The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5(1), 77-117. |
[24] | Hossain, M., & Hammami, H. (2009). Voluntary Disclosure in the Annual Reports of an Emerging Country: The Case of Qatar. Advances in Accounting, Incorporating International Advances in Accounting, 25(2), 225-265. |
[25] | Hussain, M., Islam, M.M., Gunasekaran, A., & Maskooki, K. (2002). Accounting Standards and Practices of Financial Institutions in GCC countries. Managerial Auditing Journal, 17(7), 350-362. |
[26] | International Accounting Standard 18: Revenue. (2009). European Commission. (http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/accounting/docs/consolidated/ias18_en.pdf) |
[27] | Juhmani, O. (2012). Ownership Structure and Corporate Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from Bahrain. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 3(2), 133-148. |
[28] | Joshi, P.L., Al-Mudhahki, J. (2013). Empirical Study of Compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS-1) by Stock Exchange Listed Companies in Bahrain. Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 26(2), 44-55. |
[29] | Joshi, P.L., Ramadhan, S. (2002). The adoption of international accounting standards by small and closely held companies: evidence from Bahrain. The International Journal of Accounting, 37(4), 429-440. |
[30] | Abdel Karim, R.A. (2001). International accounting harmonization, banking regulation, and islamic banks. The International Journal of Accounting, 36(2), 169-193. |
[31] | Kelly, M. (2014). IAS18 Revenue: Current Accounting Treatment and New Developments. CPA Ireland. (http://www.cpaireland.ie/students/study-support/professional-1/p1-corporate-reporting/p1-corporate-reporting-articles) |
[32] | Kingdom of Bahrain Economic Year Book 2013, Bahrain Economic Development Board. (http://www.bahrainedb.com/en/EDBDocuments/Bahrain-Economic-Yearbook.pdf) |
[33] | Mardini, G.H. (2013). Narrative disclosure under IAS 14R and IFRS 8 by Qatar listed companies. GSTF International Journal on Business Review, (2(3), 9-14. |
[34] | Mande, B. (2014). Emerging nations and financial reporting complex: A case of IFRS adoption in Nigeria. Journal of finance, Accounting, and Management, 5(2), 1-23. |
[35] | Rahahleh, M.Y., Siam, W.Z. (2009). The importance of applying the International Accounting Standard IAS 32 and its effect on financial statement presentation at Jordanian commercial banks. International Management Review, 5(1), 20-36,105. |
[36] | Ramanna, K., & Sletten, E. (2010). Why do countries adopt international financial reporting standards?. Rochester: Social Science Research Network. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1460763 |
[37] | Sarea, A., and Hanefah, H. (2013). The need of accounting standards for Islamic financial institutions. International Management Review, 9(2), 50-59, 95. |
[38] | Street, D.L., and Bryant, S.M. (2000). Disclosure level and compliance with IASs: A comparison of companies with and without U.S. listings and filings. The International Journal of Accounting, 35(3), 305-329. |
[39] | Street, D.L., and Gray, S.J. (2001). Observance of international accounting standards: Factors explaining non-compliance by companies referring to the use of IAS. An ACCA Research Monograph, 74. |
[40] | Sucuahi, W. T. (2013). Firm size as predictor of compliance to International Financial Reporting Standards: IFRS 8. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), 45-60. |
[41] | Tait, D. (2005). Accounting, auditing, and taxation in Bahrain. Doing Business with Bahrain: A Guide to Investment Opportunities and Business Practice, 20(3), 222-229. |
[42] | Tower, G., Hancock, P., & Taplin, R.H. (1999). A Regional Study of Listed Companies’ compliance with International Accounting Standards. Accounting Forum, Vol.23, No.3. |
[43] | Watts, R., & Zimmerman, J. (1983). Agency problems, auditing and theory of the firm: Some evidence. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(3), 613-633. |
[44] | Yiadom, E., and Atsunyo, W. (2014). Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards by Listed Companies in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(10), 87-100. |
APA Style
Isa Adnan Budaraj, Adel Mohammed Sarea. (2015). The Level of Compliance with International Accounting Standard IAS 18 by Listed Firms in Bahrain. Journal of Investment and Management, 4(5), 216-227. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22
ACS Style
Isa Adnan Budaraj; Adel Mohammed Sarea. The Level of Compliance with International Accounting Standard IAS 18 by Listed Firms in Bahrain. J. Invest. Manag. 2015, 4(5), 216-227. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22
AMA Style
Isa Adnan Budaraj, Adel Mohammed Sarea. The Level of Compliance with International Accounting Standard IAS 18 by Listed Firms in Bahrain. J Invest Manag. 2015;4(5):216-227. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22
@article{10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22, author = {Isa Adnan Budaraj and Adel Mohammed Sarea}, title = {The Level of Compliance with International Accounting Standard IAS 18 by Listed Firms in Bahrain}, journal = {Journal of Investment and Management}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {216-227}, doi = {10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jim.20150405.22}, abstract = {This Study examines the association between five firm-specific characteristics and the level of compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS 18) by listed Firms in Bahrain Bourse. A self-constructed compliance checklist was developed and the compliance index was derived to represent the level of compliance among publically traded firms in Bahrain Bourse for the year 2013 to IAS 18 disclosure requirements. The results detected an aggregate mean compliance of 63% to IAS 18 disclosure requirements. A significant positive relationship was found between the level of compliance and a company’s size, and auditor type. A significant negative relationship was found between the IAS 18 disclosure level and a company’s debt level (leverage). However, a significant relationship between the level of IAS 18 disclosure level and a company’s profits or age could not be established in this research. The results of this research can benefit investors and companies as well, as the results will determine what level of compliance to IAS 18 are listed companies in Bahrain Bourse are committed to, and how transparent are the revenues they are reporting in their financials}, year = {2015} }
TY - JOUR T1 - The Level of Compliance with International Accounting Standard IAS 18 by Listed Firms in Bahrain AU - Isa Adnan Budaraj AU - Adel Mohammed Sarea Y1 - 2015/08/13 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22 DO - 10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22 T2 - Journal of Investment and Management JF - Journal of Investment and Management JO - Journal of Investment and Management SP - 216 EP - 227 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7721 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20150405.22 AB - This Study examines the association between five firm-specific characteristics and the level of compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS 18) by listed Firms in Bahrain Bourse. A self-constructed compliance checklist was developed and the compliance index was derived to represent the level of compliance among publically traded firms in Bahrain Bourse for the year 2013 to IAS 18 disclosure requirements. The results detected an aggregate mean compliance of 63% to IAS 18 disclosure requirements. A significant positive relationship was found between the level of compliance and a company’s size, and auditor type. A significant negative relationship was found between the IAS 18 disclosure level and a company’s debt level (leverage). However, a significant relationship between the level of IAS 18 disclosure level and a company’s profits or age could not be established in this research. The results of this research can benefit investors and companies as well, as the results will determine what level of compliance to IAS 18 are listed companies in Bahrain Bourse are committed to, and how transparent are the revenues they are reporting in their financials VL - 4 IS - 5 ER -