Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle; Girma Goro Gonfa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle, Girma Goro Gonfa

Published in American Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 17 December 2013 Published: 30 January 2014

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Abstract

This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ± 0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.

Published in	American Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Spectroscopy, Sol Gel Synthesis, TiO2 Nanomaterial

References

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[2]	C. Burda, X. Chen, R. Narayanan and M. A. El-Sayed, 2005. Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem. Rev. 105(4):1028-1034.
[3]	C. Kusumawardani, K. Indriana, Narsito, 2010. Synthesis of nanocrystalline N-doped TiO2 and its application on high efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci. J. UBU., 1: 1-8.
[4]	D. Djouadi, A. Aksas and A. Chelouche, 2011. Structural study of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder prepared by sol gel under hypercritical drying. Moldavian Journal of the Physical Sciences.10:76-78.
[5]	K. M. Reddy, S. V. Manorama, A. R. Reddy, 2002. Band gap studies on anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 78:29.
[6]	M. M. Ba-Abbad, A. A. H. Kadhum, A. B. Mohamad, M. S. Takriff, K. Sopian, 2012. Synthesis and catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles for photochemical oxidation of concentrated chlorophenols under direct solar radiation. International Journal Electro-chemical Scince.7: 4871- 4888.
[7]	J. Wang, B. Mao, J. L. Gole and C. Burda, 2010. Visible-light-driven reversible and switchable hydrophobic to hydrophilic nitrogen doped titania surfaces: correlation with photocatalysis. Nanoscale. 2: 2257-2261.
[8]	N. Shahruz, and M. M. Hossian, 2011. Synthesis and size control of TiO2 photocatalyst nanoparticles preparation using sol-gel method. World Appl. Sci. J., 12(11): 1981-1986.
[9]	O. Salata, 2004. Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2:3.
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[12]	Y. Han, H. S. Kim and H. Kim, 2012. Relationship between synthesis conditions and photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO2. Journal of nanomaterials. Pp. 2-4.

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APA Style

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle, Girma Goro Gonfa. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle; Girma Goro Gonfa. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2014, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle, Girma Goro Gonfa. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2014;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11,
  author = {Stotaw Talbachew Hayle and Girma Goro Gonfa},
  title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method},
  journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20140201.11},
  abstract = {This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ±  0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method
AU  - Stotaw Talbachew Hayle
AU  - Girma Goro Gonfa
Y1  - 2014/01/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
T2  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3738
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
AB  - This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ±  0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle

Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
Girma Goro Gonfa

Department of Physics, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle, Girma Goro Gonfa. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle; Girma Goro Gonfa. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2014, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Stotaw Talbachew Hayle, Girma Goro Gonfa. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2014;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11,
  author = {Stotaw Talbachew Hayle and Girma Goro Gonfa},
  title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method},
  journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20140201.11},
  abstract = {This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ±  0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method
AU  - Stotaw Talbachew Hayle
AU  - Girma Goro Gonfa
Y1  - 2014/01/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
T2  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3738
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
AB  - This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ±  0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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