A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh; Rui Gama Vaz; Fiona Braka; Khaled Abdelrahim; Adamu Ibrahim Ningi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 8 May 2016 Accepted: 17 May 2016 Published: 4 July 2016

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Abstract

Background: Poliomyelitis, a disease that predominantly affects children under the age of five years, is a highly infectious viral disease transmitted through the faeco-oral route. The disease could result in irreversible paralysis in 1:200 infections and has a case fatality rate of 5-10% especially when the respiratory muscles become immobilized. The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives (GPEI) is a partnership between international organizations and governments of countries and other stakeholders aimed at polio eradication across the globe through the use of strategies such as improved AFP surveillance, strengthening routine immunizations, and supplemental immunization activities. Importantly, the use of polio vaccine in multiple times on a child confers lifelong immunity against the disease. Study Design: Retrospective study Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study of AFP cases reported across the 20 local government areas (LGA) of Bauchi State, northeastern Nigeria. The data was collected between 1^st January 2015 and 31^st December 2015. Results: Although all the 20(100%) LGAs met the non-polio AFP rate (NPAFP) of reporting at least 1 case per annum and stool adequacy, only 10(50%) LGAs met the minimum accepted NPENT rate of 10% with the remaining 10(50%) LGAs falling short of the minimum acceptable rate. Thus, the cumulative NPENT rate for Bauchi State stood at 10.3%. Conclusion: The 2015 AFP surveillance results from Bauchi State clearly support the remarkable progress made by Nigeria. However, there is need for future studies to establish reasons behind the remaining 10 (50%) of the LGAs in Bauchi failing short of meeting the minimum NPENT rate of 10.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
Page(s)	326-329
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Surveillance, Non-polio Enterovirus, Non-polio-AFP Rate, Eradication, Poliomyelitis, Stool Adequacy

References

[1]	WHO (2015). Poliomyelitis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/
[2]	Global Polio Eradication Initiative (2016). Retrieved from http://www.polioeradication.org/
[3]	CDC (2015). The Global Polio Eradication Initiative Stop Transmission of Polio (STOP) Program — 1999–2013. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6224a5.htm
[4]	National Population Commission of Nigeria (2006). Retrieved from www.population.gov.ng/ -Cached
[5]	Nigerian National News (2012): Bauchi Retrieved from http://nnn.com.ng/?page_id=452
[6]	Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2008). Research methods in the social sciences (7th ed.). New York: Worth.
[7]	Szklo, M., & Nieto, F. J. (2014). Epidemiology: Beyond the basics (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett
[8]	CDC (2015). Non-Polio Enterovirus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/
[9]	CDC (2013). Non-Polio Enterovirus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/

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Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi. (2016). A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(4), 326-329. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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ACS Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh; Rui Gama Vaz; Fiona Braka; Khaled Abdelrahim; Adamu Ibrahim Ningi. A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(4), 326-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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AMA Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi. A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(4):326-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19,
  author = {Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh and Rui Gama Vaz and Fiona Braka and Khaled Abdelrahim and Adamu Ibrahim Ningi},
  title = {A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {326-329},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160404.19},
  abstract = {Background: Poliomyelitis, a disease that predominantly affects children under the age of five years, is a highly infectious viral disease transmitted through the faeco-oral route. The disease could result in irreversible paralysis in 1:200 infections and has a case fatality rate of 5-10% especially when the respiratory muscles become immobilized. The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives (GPEI) is a partnership between international organizations and governments of countries and other stakeholders aimed at polio eradication across the globe through the use of strategies such as improved AFP surveillance, strengthening routine immunizations, and supplemental immunization activities. Importantly, the use of polio vaccine in multiple times on a child confers lifelong immunity against the disease. Study Design: Retrospective study Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study of AFP cases reported across the 20 local government areas (LGA) of Bauchi State, northeastern Nigeria. The data was collected between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2015. Results: Although all the 20(100%) LGAs met the non-polio AFP rate (NPAFP) of reporting at least 1 case per annum and stool adequacy, only 10(50%) LGAs met the minimum accepted NPENT rate of 10% with the remaining 10(50%) LGAs falling short of the minimum acceptable rate. Thus, the cumulative NPENT rate for Bauchi State stood at 10.3%. Conclusion: The 2015 AFP surveillance results from Bauchi State clearly support the remarkable progress made by Nigeria. However, there is need for future studies to establish reasons behind the remaining 10 (50%) of the LGAs in Bauchi failing short of meeting the minimum NPENT rate of 10.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria
AU  - Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh
AU  - Rui Gama Vaz
AU  - Fiona Braka
AU  - Khaled Abdelrahim
AU  - Adamu Ibrahim Ningi
Y1  - 2016/07/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 326
EP  - 329
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
AB  - Background: Poliomyelitis, a disease that predominantly affects children under the age of five years, is a highly infectious viral disease transmitted through the faeco-oral route. The disease could result in irreversible paralysis in 1:200 infections and has a case fatality rate of 5-10% especially when the respiratory muscles become immobilized. The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives (GPEI) is a partnership between international organizations and governments of countries and other stakeholders aimed at polio eradication across the globe through the use of strategies such as improved AFP surveillance, strengthening routine immunizations, and supplemental immunization activities. Importantly, the use of polio vaccine in multiple times on a child confers lifelong immunity against the disease. Study Design: Retrospective study Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study of AFP cases reported across the 20 local government areas (LGA) of Bauchi State, northeastern Nigeria. The data was collected between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2015. Results: Although all the 20(100%) LGAs met the non-polio AFP rate (NPAFP) of reporting at least 1 case per annum and stool adequacy, only 10(50%) LGAs met the minimum accepted NPENT rate of 10% with the remaining 10(50%) LGAs falling short of the minimum acceptable rate. Thus, the cumulative NPENT rate for Bauchi State stood at 10.3%. Conclusion: The 2015 AFP surveillance results from Bauchi State clearly support the remarkable progress made by Nigeria. However, there is need for future studies to establish reasons behind the remaining 10 (50%) of the LGAs in Bauchi failing short of meeting the minimum NPENT rate of 10.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Rui Gama Vaz

WR/NIE, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria
Fiona Braka

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria
Khaled Abdelrahim

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Adamu Ibrahim Ningi

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi. (2016). A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(4), 326-329. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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ACS Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh; Rui Gama Vaz; Fiona Braka; Khaled Abdelrahim; Adamu Ibrahim Ningi. A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(4), 326-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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AMA Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi. A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(4):326-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19,
  author = {Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh and Rui Gama Vaz and Fiona Braka and Khaled Abdelrahim and Adamu Ibrahim Ningi},
  title = {A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {326-329},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160404.19},
  abstract = {Background: Poliomyelitis, a disease that predominantly affects children under the age of five years, is a highly infectious viral disease transmitted through the faeco-oral route. The disease could result in irreversible paralysis in 1:200 infections and has a case fatality rate of 5-10% especially when the respiratory muscles become immobilized. The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives (GPEI) is a partnership between international organizations and governments of countries and other stakeholders aimed at polio eradication across the globe through the use of strategies such as improved AFP surveillance, strengthening routine immunizations, and supplemental immunization activities. Importantly, the use of polio vaccine in multiple times on a child confers lifelong immunity against the disease. Study Design: Retrospective study Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study of AFP cases reported across the 20 local government areas (LGA) of Bauchi State, northeastern Nigeria. The data was collected between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2015. Results: Although all the 20(100%) LGAs met the non-polio AFP rate (NPAFP) of reporting at least 1 case per annum and stool adequacy, only 10(50%) LGAs met the minimum accepted NPENT rate of 10% with the remaining 10(50%) LGAs falling short of the minimum acceptable rate. Thus, the cumulative NPENT rate for Bauchi State stood at 10.3%. Conclusion: The 2015 AFP surveillance results from Bauchi State clearly support the remarkable progress made by Nigeria. However, there is need for future studies to establish reasons behind the remaining 10 (50%) of the LGAs in Bauchi failing short of meeting the minimum NPENT rate of 10.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Critical Look at 2015 Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Core Indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria
AU  - Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh
AU  - Rui Gama Vaz
AU  - Fiona Braka
AU  - Khaled Abdelrahim
AU  - Adamu Ibrahim Ningi
Y1  - 2016/07/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 326
EP  - 329
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.19
AB  - Background: Poliomyelitis, a disease that predominantly affects children under the age of five years, is a highly infectious viral disease transmitted through the faeco-oral route. The disease could result in irreversible paralysis in 1:200 infections and has a case fatality rate of 5-10% especially when the respiratory muscles become immobilized. The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives (GPEI) is a partnership between international organizations and governments of countries and other stakeholders aimed at polio eradication across the globe through the use of strategies such as improved AFP surveillance, strengthening routine immunizations, and supplemental immunization activities. Importantly, the use of polio vaccine in multiple times on a child confers lifelong immunity against the disease. Study Design: Retrospective study Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study of AFP cases reported across the 20 local government areas (LGA) of Bauchi State, northeastern Nigeria. The data was collected between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2015. Results: Although all the 20(100%) LGAs met the non-polio AFP rate (NPAFP) of reporting at least 1 case per annum and stool adequacy, only 10(50%) LGAs met the minimum accepted NPENT rate of 10% with the remaining 10(50%) LGAs falling short of the minimum acceptable rate. Thus, the cumulative NPENT rate for Bauchi State stood at 10.3%. Conclusion: The 2015 AFP surveillance results from Bauchi State clearly support the remarkable progress made by Nigeria. However, there is need for future studies to establish reasons behind the remaining 10 (50%) of the LGAs in Bauchi failing short of meeting the minimum NPENT rate of 10.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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